Technique - (19) Nanofabrication of plasmonic/nanophotonic structures

Type: Fabrication

Description: Top-down and bottom-up fabrication of metallic/dielectric nanostructures for plasmonic and nanophotonic devices.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics (Cavendish Laboratory) | NanoPhotonics Centre @ Cambridge
Summary:

Baumberg directs the NanoPhotonics Centre, confining light into sub-nanometre plasmonic 'picocavities' between metal nanostructures to achieve single-molecule-sensitive SERS and study light-matter coupling at the molecular scale. Current work spans low-cost healthcare biosensors, chiral nanophotonics and quantum coherent effects in plasmonic cavities.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Cassidy Quantum Devices Group @ UNSW
Summary:

Cassidy (formerly Microsoft/Sydney) builds hybrid superconductor-semiconductor quantum devices and the microwave measurement chains needed to read them out: dispersive gate sensing, superconducting resonators coupled to semiconductor nanostructures, and quantum-limited parametric amplification. The programme sits at the boundary between quantum computing hardware and quantum sensing — many of the same circuits used to read a qubit are, viewed differently, near-quantum-limited detectors of microwave photons or of charge. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — a superconducting-resonator readout chain with a quantum-limited amplifier is the leading route to inductively-detected spin resonance at sensitivities well below the pT/sqrt(Hz) regime accessible to optical NV ensembles, and Cassidy's group has the full stack of skills required. Mid-career, actively building; good autonomy for a postdoc.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics (joint with Electrical and Electronic Engineering) | Crozier Nanophotonics Laboratory @ UMelb
Summary:

Crozier holds a joint Physics/Electrical Engineering chair and runs a nanophotonics laboratory spanning plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces, on-chip optical trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles and cells, mid-infrared spectroscopy and detection with metasurface-enhanced and colloidal-nanocrystal devices, and light emission from 2D semiconductors. The unifying theme is engineering the local optical density of states to increase the signal available from a very small number of emitters or molecules. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — the plasmonic and dielectric antenna work is the same physics used to raise photon collection efficiency and hence the shot-noise floor of NV-ensemble magnetometers operating at pT/sqrt(Hz). Note: a substantial fraction of the group's output is device fabrication rather than sensitivity-limited measurement, which is a caveat against the stated preference.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics / Institute of Photonics and Optical Science | Eggleton Research Group @ USyd
Summary:

Eggleton directs the Institute of Photonics and Optical Science and runs one of the world's leading groups on stimulated Brillouin scattering in integrated photonic circuits — the coherent interaction of light with GHz acoustic phonons in a chalcogenide or silicon waveguide. The consequences are a chip-scale microwave photonic toolbox (ultra-narrowband filters, true time delay, RF spectral analysis), photon-phonon memory, and, through the Jericho Smart Sensing Laboratory, translation into deployed sensing platforms. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — Brillouin optomechanics is a distinct route to the same goal — reading a weak signal out of a high-Q, low-loss resonator at the quantum noise floor — and the group's phonon-photon coupling is strong enough that quantum optomechanical operation is now within reach. Very large, very well-resourced group with extensive industry and defence funding; a candidate would be one of many.

Department(s)/lab(s): Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | Quantum Photonics Laboratory (Englund Lab) @ MIT
Summary:

PREFERRED. Englund's Quantum Photonics Laboratory builds solid-state quantum technologies spanning diamond NV-center ensembles, integrated photonic circuits, and single-photon detectors, including a CMOS-integrated NV-ensemble quantum sensor for vector magnetometry and 4-pi steradian field sensing, and cavity-QED schemes for nuclear-spin readout aimed at nanoscale/inertial sensing. This continues the trajectory of NV ensemble quantum sensing (DEER, chip-scale NMR, T1 relaxometry) toward pT/sqrt(Hz)-class, chip-integrated magnetometers, alongside quantum networking and photonic quantum computing work.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Nanophotonics and Electromagnetic Materials Group @ USyd
Summary:

Fleming pioneered microstructured polymer optical fibre and continues to work on specialty fibre fabrication: drawing exotic polymer, hybrid polymer-metal and poled-silicate structures that would be impossible in conventional silica, and using them to build metamaterials and biomedical photonic devices including fibre-based sensors and probes. The fabrication route — preform drawing — gives access to geometries and material combinations that lithography cannot reach. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — the relevance to a sensing postdoc is delivery and packaging: fibre-integrated probes are the standard way to get an NV or vapour-cell sensor into a biological or field environment while preserving its pT/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity. Borderline inclusion; senior PI, fabrication-led.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | 4th Institute of Physics (Giessen Group) @ Stuttgart
Summary:

Giessen works on ultrafast nano-optics and plasmonics, plasmonic and metasurface sensors, femtosecond two-photon 3D-printed micro-optics (on fiber tips and detectors), widely tunable ultrafast/mid-IR sources for molecular sensing, and Rydberg-exciton quantum optics in cuprous oxide. In the broader landscape of NV-centre ensemble quantum sensing (DEER, nano-NMR, T1 relaxometry) operating near pT/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity, this work sits adjacent as a nanophotonic sensing and light-source enabler.

Department(s)/lab(s): Applied Physics, Electrical Engineering | Hu Research Group @ Harvard
Summary:

Hu pioneers nanofabrication of photonic and electronic devices that couple 'artificial atoms' — semiconductor quantum dots and color-center spin defects (including in silicon carbide) — to nanoscale optical cavities, enabling coherent, efficient photon-spin interfaces for quantum networking and sensing; her emphasis on nanofabrication places this as a borderline, not-preferred case relative to sensitivity-first quantum sensing.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Chemistry | Hutchison Molecular Polaritonics Group @ UMelb
Summary:

Hutchison works on molecular polaritonics: what happens to chemistry when molecular electronic or vibrational transitions are strongly coupled to a confined optical mode in a Fabry-Perot or plasmonic nanocavity. He was among the first to show that vibrational strong coupling modifies ground-state chemical reactivity, and the group continues to probe polariton-modified energy transfer, photochemistry and transport, alongside single-molecule spectroscopy and 2D-material photonics. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — the connection to quantum sensing is the cavity: the same Purcell and collective-coupling physics that concentrates optical density of states around a molecule is what is used to improve photon collection and readout fidelity in NV ensembles operating at pT/sqrt(Hz). This is fundamental light-matter physics with a clear nonclassical-state angle.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Nanophotonics and Electromagnetic Materials Group @ USyd
Summary:

Kuhlmey works on structured electromagnetic materials across an unusually wide frequency range: microstructured optical fibres, metamaterials, non-reciprocal and time-varying media, and — the newest and most sensing-relevant thread — quantum terahertz photonics, in collaboration with ENS Paris and CSIRO. The THz programme is explicitly aimed at single-photon/single-electron coupling in the THz band, which if it works would allow quantum devices to operate at a few kelvin rather than millikelvin. The group runs a THz time-domain spectroscopy lab with cryogenic capability. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — the THz band is the one part of the spectrum where neither superconducting circuits nor NV ensembles currently offer quantum-limited detection, so this is a genuine gap-filling programme rather than a variation on existing pT/sqrt(Hz) approaches.