Technique - (14) Electron microscopy (TEM/SEM)

Type: Experimental

Description: Transmission and scanning electron microscopy for nanoscale structural characterization.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics – Laboratory for Solid State Physics (ETH) / PSI / EPFL | Quantum Technologies Group (Aeppli, ETH/PSI/EPFL) @ ETH Zurich
Summary:

Aeppli leads the Quantum Technologies Group spanning ETH Zurich, EPFL, and PSI. Research directions: (1) Quantum materials imaging — using SLS synchrotron X-rays (including SwissFEL ultrafast pulses) and neutrons at SINQ to image quantum phase transitions, skyrmions, and correlated phases; non-destructive imaging of device structures; (2) Rare-earth quantum magnets and qubits — LiHoF4 as a model quantum system; Er, Pr, and Nd spin qubits in crystals for quantum information and sensing; (3) Semiconductor quantum devices — silicon and germanium nanostructures probed by synchrotron nanoscale X-ray imaging; (4) Van der Waals materials and CDW memory devices. Strong interface with PSI large-scale facilities as unique quantum sensing tools for materials.

Department(s)/lab(s): Chemistry / PME | Alivisatos Lab @ UChicago
Summary:

Pioneer in nanocrystal science. Sensing-relevant directions: (1) coherent Er spin defects in colloidal nanocrystal hosts as scalable solid-state spin qubit platform (2024 paper with Awschalom); (2) size- and shape-controlled nanocrystal synthesis for mid-IR sensing applications; (3) fundamental scaling laws governing optical properties for sensor design. Founder Nanosys and Quantum Dot Corp.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics / A&A | Carlstrom Group @ UChicago
Summary:

Experimental cosmologist building and operating CMB telescopes. Directions: (1) South Pole Telescope — PI of SPT series; SPT-3G currently mapping CMB temperature and polarization at arcminute resolution; (2) thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect mapping for galaxy cluster cosmology; (3) CMB gravitational lensing for large-scale structure; (4) CMB-S4 design and planning. Argonne joint appointment. APS and AAAS Fellow.

Department(s)/lab(s): Department of Materials (D-MATL) | Magnetism and Interface Physics Group (Gambardella) @ ETH Zurich
Summary:

Gambardella leads the Magnetism and Interface Physics group at ETH D-MATL. Research directions: (1) Scanning probe magnetometry — using NV-center cantilevers (collaboration with Degen) and magneto-optical Kerr microscopy to image spin textures (skyrmions, domain walls) in thin-film heterostructures with sub-100 nm resolution; (2) Spin-orbit torques — current-induced magnetization switching via interfacial spin-orbit coupling; spin Hall and Rashba effects for spintronic devices; (3) Single-atom magnetism — STM and X-ray absorption for element-specific orbital and spin moments of individual atoms on surfaces; (4) XMCD at synchrotron — quantitative element-specific magnetic spectroscopy. Quantum sensing angle: spin-orbit driven phenomena, high-resolution magnetic imaging.

Department(s)/lab(s): Imaging Physics (ImPhys) | Hoogenboom Lab (Integrated Microscopy) @ TU Delft
Summary:

Jacob Hoogenboom develops integrated correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and molecular nanophotonic imaging. Research: (1) 3-in-1 microscopy combining light, electron beam, and ion beam for precise biological sample sectioning and protein localisation; (2) integrated CLEM for mapping proteins in cellular context; (3) single-molecule nanophotonic sensing using fluorescence. Relevant to advanced single-molecule biosensing approaches.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics and Astronomy | Jacobsen Research Group (X-ray Microscopy) @ Northwestern
Summary:

Prof. Jacobsen's group develops novel methods, instruments, and analysis approaches for X-ray nanoscale imaging and applies them to biology and environmental science, using the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne. Directions: (1) Scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SXFM) for organ-wide and nanoscale elemental mapping of metals (zinc, copper, iron) in biological tissues — central to the NIH-funded QE-Map national resource; imaging how metals regulate cellular functions, synaptic zinc signaling, and neurodegenerative disease; (2) X-ray ptychography and coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) for nanoscale biological imaging beyond the diffraction limit with improved dose efficiency; (3) Development of new algorithms, optics (zone plates), and detector systems to push spatial resolution and dose efficiency in X-ray microscopy — including lensless imaging methods and compressed-sensing reconstruction. Joint appointment at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne Distinguished Fellow); also involved in QE-Map resource with Kozorovitskiy and Hao Zhang (McCormick).

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Melbourne Ion Implantation and Single Ion Group (Jamieson) @ UMelb
Summary:

Jamieson's group built the counted single-ion implantation capability that underpins every donor spin qubit made at UNSW and Melbourne: individual P, Sb or Bi ions are implanted into silicon through a nanoscale aperture while on-chip detector electrodes register the electron-hole pairs from each ion stop event, so the number and position of dopants is known rather than assumed. Recent directions extend this to high-atomic-number donors for nuclear-spin qudits, to colour-centre creation in diamond and silicon carbide by counted implantation, and to characterising the damage and charge environment those ions leave behind. The work is fabrication-forward but its scientific content is single-particle detection metrology. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — his contribution is upstream: the deterministic creation and validation of the very spin defects whose ensembles are later interrogated by DEER and nanoscale NMR at pT/sqrt(Hz).

Department(s)/lab(s): Quantum Nanoscience | Kuipers Lab @ TU Delft
Summary:

Kobus Kuipers' lab develops and applies near-field optical microscopy to study nanophotonic phenomena with sub-wavelength spatial resolution. Research: (1) near-field imaging of topological photonic states (topological edge and interface modes in photonic crystals); (2) near-field microscopy of plasmonics and nanophotonics; (3) visualizing light transport at the nanoscale. Borderline for quantum sensing but directly relevant to nanophotonic quantum sensing platforms.

Department(s)/lab(s): Materials Science and Engineering | Minor Group (National Center for Electron Microscopy) @ UCB
Summary:

Minor directs the National Center for Electron Microscopy at LBNL and develops in-situ TEM methods to observe how materials deform, fracture, and transform under mechanical load, temperature, and other stimuli in real time at atomic resolution.

Department(s)/lab(s): Electrical and Computer Engineering | Mohseni Bio-Inspired Sensors and Optoelectronics Lab @ Northwestern
Summary:

Prof. Mohseni's group (Bio-inspired Sensors and Optoelectronics) pushes III-V semiconductor photodetector technology toward thermodynamic and quantum limits of photon sensitivity. Key directions: (1) Nanoscale IR photodetectors: shrinking pixel dimensions below the diffraction limit using quantum confinement effects (InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well and dot structures) to improve sensitivity, bandwidth, and resolution simultaneously; (2) Superlattice photomultipliers — high-gain, low-noise avalanche photodetectors at room temperature approaching quantum-limited sensitivity for mid-wave and long-wave infrared detection; (3) Quantum sensing applications including squeezed-light-enhanced thermoreflectance imaging of electronic hotspots, and photon-counting receivers for quantum communications. Co-author on 275+ papers, 33+ US patents; NAI Fellow 2023; W.M. Keck Foundation Award, DARPA YFA, NSF CAREER. Fellow of SPIE and Optica. Also Professor of Physics and Astronomy.