Combines optical microscopy, quantum sensing, and magnetic resonance to develop single-molecule and super-resolution microscopy methods, including orientation-resolved imaging and metrology, spanning biophysics and condensed matter applications.

Bell's group uses DNA nanotechnology and advanced optical microscopy for single-molecule biosensing. Research directions: (1) DNA-based biosensing — DNA origami structures as programmable biosensing platforms; using structural switching of DNA nanodevices to sense specific biomolecules with single-molecule sensitivity; (2) Super-resolution microscopy with DNA — DNA-PAINT and FRET-based single-molecule localization for mapping molecular architectures in cells; (3) Solid-state nanopores — DNA-threaded through nanopores as a precision biosensor for protein identification and force measurement; (4) Multiplexed single-molecule detection — combining DNA-based sensors with optical readout for parallel biomolecule profiling. New group established at UCL, strong biosensing focus.

Betzig shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing PALM, a single-molecule localization method that broke the optical diffraction limit, and subsequently invented lattice light-sheet and adaptive-optics microscopy to image subcellular dynamics in living organisms with minimal phototoxicity. His current work, split between Berkeley and Janelia, continues to push the spatial and temporal resolution of live-cell and developmental imaging beyond conventional limits.

Cui develops vertical nanopillar electrode and optical sensor arrays that interface with the cell membrane to probe curvature-sensitive signaling, and pairs them with 3D super-resolution (single-molecule localization) microscopy to resolve nanoscale protein organization at the nano-bio interface with 10-20 nm precision, well past the optical diffraction limit.

Dickinson's group develops advanced optical microscopy methods for biological and biomedical imaging. Research directions: (1) STORM super-resolution microscopy — stochastic optical reconstruction for nanoscale imaging of biological structures at ~20 nm lateral resolution; imaging cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular organelles, and pathological structures; (2) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) — depth-resolved, label-free imaging for biomedical diagnostics (retinal, cardiovascular tissues); (3) Laser speckle imaging — blood flow and perfusion measurements in tissues; (4) Multiphoton microscopy — second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon for collagen structure imaging in connective tissues and cancer. Part of the Manchester Photon Science Institute biophotonics theme.

Garner uses high-resolution, single-molecule tracking and localization microscopy (PALM-based) to study the dynamic spatial organization of the bacterial cytoskeleton and cell-wall synthesis machinery in live prokaryotic cells at nanometer precision.

Hylkje Geertsema uses single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (TIRF, SMLM, PALM/STORM) to study DNA replication dynamics. Her lab visualises and quantifies individual replication proteins at replication forks in living cells to understand the kinetics and fidelity of DNA copying. Research focuses on measuring spatiotemporal dynamics of protein assemblies during DNA metabolism with nanometre resolution.

Jacob Hoogenboom develops integrated correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and molecular nanophotonic imaging. Research: (1) 3-in-1 microscopy combining light, electron beam, and ion beam for precise biological sample sectioning and protein localisation; (2) integrated CLEM for mapping proteins in cellular context; (3) single-molecule nanophotonic sensing using fluorescence. Relevant to advanced single-molecule biosensing approaches.

Kapanidis' Gene Machines group develops single-molecule fluorescence methods (including ALEX/FRET and super-resolution microscopy) to observe transcription and other gene-expression machinery in real time in bacteria and viruses, and leverages this toolkit to build ultrasensitive DNA-based biosensors for pathogen and antibiotic-resistance detection.

Lee leads TheLeeLab at Cambridge Chemistry, focused on developing cutting-edge biophysical single-molecule fluorescence methods to answer fundamental biological questions. Two major thrusts: (1) 3D super-resolution microscopy instrument development — the lab pioneered single-molecule light field microscopy (SMLFM) using a microlens array in the back focal plane, achieving ~10× speed improvement over double-helix PSF for volumetric imaging; also develops vortex light field microscopy (VLFM) for simultaneous 25 nm spatial / 3 nm spectral precision; (2) Biological applications — studying T-cell receptor signalling at the nanoscale (distribution of TCRs, microvilli-mediated close contacts), histone assembly during DNA replication and repair in fission yeast, and PSD-95 nanoclusters in mouse brain using 3D SMLM. A job posting (PDRA) was active in 2025 for T-cell imaging work with super-resolution and Fourier light-field microscopy.