Technique - (4) Nanodiamond surface chemistry and bioconjugation

Type: Fabrication

Description: Chemical functionalization of diamond nanocrystal surfaces for targeted delivery into living cells and organisms, including polymer coatings, antibody conjugation, and biocompatibility assays.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics (Cavendish Laboratory – AMOP Group) | Coherent Quantum Lab (Knowles Group) @ Cambridge
Summary:

Knowles leads the Coherent Quantum Lab at the Cavendish Laboratory. Her research focuses on using NV centers in diamond as quantum sensors to probe matter at the nanoscale in two main thrusts: (1) nanoscale NMR / spin imaging — scanning-probe NV magnetometry of topological and unconventional magnets, Hamiltonian engineering in dense spin ensembles using global dynamical decoupling, and error-correction-enhanced sensor readout; (2) quantum biosensing in living systems — employing diamond nanocrystals functionalized for intracellular delivery to perform simultaneous nanothermometry and nanorheometry in single HeLa cells and C. elegans, using the Q-BiC integrated biocompatible chip platform. She co-leads CANSIS. The lab has a second new instrument running since mid-2025 for biosensing experiments.

Department(s)/lab(s): Chemistry | Krueger Group (Institute of Organic Chemistry) @ Stuttgart
Summary:

Krueger's chemistry group develops diamond and nanodiamond surface chemistry, functionalization and bioconjugation that make NV centres viable, shallow, coherent quantum sensors for chemical and biological targets - the materials-chemistry enabler for NV ensemble sensing. She co-leads Stuttgart's quantum-technologies profile. In the broader landscape of NV-centre ensemble quantum sensing (DEER, nano-NMR, T1 relaxometry) operating near pT/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity, this work is enabled at the surface-chemistry level by this work.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Melbourne Materials Institute Diamond Group (Prawer) @ UMelb
Summary:

Prawer is the founding figure of Melbourne diamond science, spanning colour-centre quantum technology, diamond surface chemistry and — unusually — clinical translation. His group developed the nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond electrode arrays used in the Australian diamond bionic eye, a hermetically sealed, chronically implantable retinal stimulator that has been through human implantation; that is a rare example of an exotic-materials sensing/stimulation technology carried into human trials. In parallel the group works on diamond surface termination and functionalisation for near-surface NV sensing, nanodiamond bioconjugation, and diamond as a radiation-hard detector material. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — his surface- and materials-engineering work is precisely what sets the standoff distance, and hence the achievable pT/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity, of near-surface NV ensembles used for DEER and nanoscale NMR. Preferred attribute present: demonstrated human trials with a complex implanted technology.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Quantum Imaging and Sensing Laboratory (Simpson) @ UMelb
Summary:

Simpson runs the experimental quantum imaging and sensing laboratory at Melbourne and is the closest match at this institution to a bio-oriented NV sensing postdoc. Two active threads: (i) widefield NV magnetic and spin-relaxation imaging of living cells and tissue, including magnetic imaging of magnetotactic bacteria, cellular free radicals and paramagnetic ion transport, and quantum-probe imaging of neuronal activity; and (ii) engineering Australia's most sensitive diamond vector magnetometer with RMIT and Phasor Innovation, aimed at navigation, underground/undersea sensing and, explicitly, mapping magnetic signals of the human brain in unshielded environments. That second thread is a direct bid at bioelectromagnetism with a quantum sensor. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — Simpson's work is a continuation of exactly that lineage, pushing ensemble DEER/T1-relaxometry contrast mechanisms out of the physics lab and into cell biology and human-scale magnetoencephalography. Preferred attributes present: bioelectromagnetism, human-subject ambitions, sensitivity-limited (not fabrication-limited) programme. QUBIC investigator; recruits postdocs regularly.