Reilly's Quantum Nanoscience Laboratory works on the interface between quantum devices and the classical control hardware needed to run them at scale — custom VLSI CMOS operating below 100 mK, high-bandwidth dispersive readout, and cryogenic microwave engineering — a programme built up during his long association with Microsoft's quantum effort. A distinct and directly relevant second thread is the manipulation of spin states in nanoparticles for new imaging modalities in medicine: hyperpolarisation and spin-state engineering of nanoparticle contrast agents, which is quantum control applied to MRI. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — the cryo-CMOS readout chain he builds is exactly the enabling technology that would let a pT/sqrt(Hz) spin-ensemble sensor be multiplexed into an array rather than run one channel at a time; and the nanoparticle-MRI thread is an independent route into biological spin sensing. Large group, strong engineering culture, significant industry entanglement.

Simmons pioneered atomic-precision fabrication in silicon: hydrogen-resist STM lithography, phosphine dosing and epitaxial silicon overgrowth to place individual dopant atoms with sub-nanometre accuracy, then measure them at millikelvin. The programme has produced single-atom transistors, precision dopant arrays used as analogue quantum simulators, and the largest atom-scale device platform in the world; she also founded Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd. The sensing-relevant capability is the single-electron transistor as an exquisitely sensitive electrometer, capable of resolving individual charge transitions and mapping local electrostatic potential at the atomic scale. Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — her SET electrometry is the charge-domain counterpart to magnetic NV sensing at pT/sqrt(Hz): both are single-quantum-object detectors whose performance is limited by back-action and by the noise of the readout chain. Very large group, strongly fabrication-oriented and commercially entangled, which cuts against the stated preference for sensitivity-limited rather than fabrication-limited work.