Graham's group develops SERS-based nanoplasmonic sensing platforms for biomedical applications. Research directions: (1) SERS nanogap substrates — engineering colloidal gold and silver nanostructure clusters with reproducible, high-enhancement nanogaps for single-molecule SERS detection; (2) In vivo SERS — intravenous SERS nanotags for tumor imaging and multiplexed biomarker detection in living organisms; (3) Microfluidic SERS — integrating SERS probes in microfluidic channels for continuous monitoring of circulating biomarkers; (4) Quantitative SERS — calibration strategies for absolute analyte quantification for clinical diagnostics. Extreme sensitivity (single-molecule) relevant to quantum-enhanced optical sensing.