Roukes' group develops nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) for single-molecule mass sensing and resonant spectrometry, and large-scale neurotechnology platforms (including integrated neurophotonic probes) for recording brain activity, pushing mechanical and neural sensing toward single-analyte and single-neuron resolution. For context, this complements the established paradigm of NV-diamond ensemble magnetometry (Hahn-echo/DEER, nanoscale NMR, T1 relaxometry) operating near pT/√Hz sensitivity.