Madhusudhan pioneered inverse 'atmospheric retrieval' techniques to determine the chemical composition, interior structure and formation history of exoplanets from their spectra, including recent JWST-based investigations of potential biosignature gases on temperate sub-Neptunes (Hycean worlds).
NON-PREFERRED (astronomy pivot, kept for review). Seager's group works on exoplanet atmosphere and interior characterization and the search for atmospheric biosignature gases, including leadership of space-mission concepts (Starshade, ASTERIA, TESS deputy science direction) that require high-contrast, high-resolution spectroscopic instrumentation; per public reporting she is departing MIT for the University of Toronto/CITA effective September 1, 2026, so any postdoc search should confirm her host institution directly.