Technique - (12) Noble liquid detector (LAr/LXe)

Type: Experimental

Description: Liquid argon or xenon time projection chambers for dark matter and neutrino detection.

Department(s)/lab(s): Particle Physics and Astrophysics | Akerib Group (LZ) @ Stanford
Summary:

Akerib is a leader of the LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN) dark matter experiment, a dual-phase liquid-xenon time-projection chamber that uses single-photon and single-electron-sensitive detection to search for weakly interacting massive particles.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | Astroparticle Physics Group @ Imperial
Summary:

Araujo is a long-standing leader of the LZ (LUX-ZEPLIN) liquid-xenon dark matter experiment at SURF, working on detector design, calibration and background rejection for direct-detection WIMP searches, and previously ZEPLIN. His group also contributes to future noble-liquid detector R&D.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | Collar Lab @ UChicago
Summary:

Experimental astroparticle physicist developing novel quantum-limited detectors for dark matter and neutrino sensing. Directions: (1) COHERENT experiment — first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) and ongoing precision measurements; (2) bubble chamber and scintillating bolometer detectors for WIMP dark matter; (3) development of low-threshold detectors sensitive to sub-GeV dark matter; (4) nuclear recoil sensing at the few-eV threshold. Enrico Fermi Institute member.

Department(s)/lab(s): School of Physics | Sydney Astroparticle and Dark Matter Group @ USyd
Summary:

Fruth is an experimentalist on LZ, the world-leading liquid-xenon dark matter experiment, and works on the detector-physics end: electron and single-photon backgrounds, calibration, and the characterisation of the anomalous low-energy events that currently limit sensitivity at the bottom of the energy spectrum. The programme is a pure exercise in pushing a detector's noise floor down until it is limited by irreducible physics (the neutrino fog). Positioned against the established body of NV-ensemble quantum sensing work — DEER, nanoscale NMR and T1 relaxometry protocols operating at pT/sqrt(Hz) field sensitivity — dark matter detection and NV-ensemble magnetometry are the same problem in different clothing — an exquisitely quiet detector, a signal below the background, and a systematics budget that determines everything — and the quantum-sensing community is increasingly supplying the readout technology (quantum-limited amplifiers, single-photon counters) that these experiments now need. Early-career PI.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | Galbiati Group (DarkSide) @ Princeton
Summary:

Galbiati co-leads the DarkSide/Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration program (DarkSide-20k and successors), developing ultra-radiopure underground argon and cryogenic noble-liquid time-projection chambers for direct WIMP dark-matter detection, building on his earlier work on the Borexino solar-neutrino scintillator experiment. Included as a borderline quantum-sensing entry on the strength of the ultra-low-background, single-quantum (photon/ionization) detection technology his group has developed, which is now being adapted for other applications such as total-body PET imaging.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | Grandi Lab @ UChicago
Summary:

Experimental astroparticle physicist searching for dark matter with noble liquid detectors. Directions: (1) DarkSide-20k — liquid argon TPC at INFN Gran Sasso targeting WIMP dark matter with 20-tonne active volume; (2) development of cryogenic SiPM photon detection for LAr detectors; (3) low-background detector techniques and radon mitigation; (4) argon purification and light yield optimization. Argonne joint appointment.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | Gratta Lab @ Stanford
Summary:

Gratta's group works at the interface of atomic and particle physics, developing cold-atom interferometric gravimeters and gradiometers for tests of gravity alongside searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay using liquid-xenon TPCs (EXO-200/nEXO), spanning quantum sensing hardware and rare-event particle detection.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics | McKinsey Lab @ UCB
Summary:

McKinsey develops ultra-low-background noble-liquid (xenon and argon) time-projection chambers for direct dark matter detection, including leadership roles on LZ, and works on quantum-sensor readout of scintillation and ionization signals to push detection thresholds toward single-quantum sensitivity.

Department(s)/lab(s): Physics / A&A | Privitera Group @ UChicago
Summary:

Works on quantum-limited sensing for astroparticle physics. Directions: (1) Pierre Auger Observatory — UHE cosmic ray composition and spectrum via radio and fluorescence detection; (2) liquid argon dark matter detectors; (3) co-PI DARPA QuSeN (2025) — quantum sensing of neutrinos using phonon-coupled SC qubit sensors with Cleland and Chou. KICP member.

Department(s)/lab(s): Particle Physics and Astrophysics | Shutt Group (SuperCDMS/LZ) @ Stanford
Summary:

Shutt co-founded the CDMS/SuperCDMS cryogenic solid-state dark-matter detector program and is a leader of the LZ liquid-xenon experiment, developing ultra-sensitive detectors for direct dark-matter detection at the single-quantum level.